How To Understand Basic Dance Terminology

Welcome to the world of dance! Understanding the language of dance is like learning a new dialect – it unlocks a whole universe of movement and expression. This guide, centered around ‘How to Understand Basic Dance Terminology’, is your starting point. It will help you navigate the exciting landscape of various dance styles, from ballet to jazz, by demystifying the key terms and concepts that dancers use every day.

Whether you’re a seasoned dancer or a complete beginner, grasping dance terminology is essential. It not only facilitates clear communication with instructors and fellow dancers but also deepens your appreciation for the art form. We’ll explore the building blocks of dance, from basic positions and movements to the nuances of rhythm and choreography, all while emphasizing practical application.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Dance Terminology

Understanding dance terminology is crucial for anyone involved in dance, whether as a student, teacher, choreographer, or simply an enthusiast. It provides a common language, allowing dancers from different backgrounds and training to communicate effectively and share a mutual understanding of movement concepts and styles. This shared vocabulary fosters collaboration, facilitates learning, and enriches the overall dance experience.

Importance of Understanding Dance Terminology for Different Dance Styles

The consistent use of dance terminology is paramount because it transcends individual styles and provides a foundation for understanding and performing various dance forms. Knowing the correct terms enhances communication, improves the execution of movements, and allows dancers to learn new styles more efficiently.

Facilitates Communication: Dance terminology creates a common ground for dancers and instructors to communicate clearly and concisely. Instead of lengthy descriptions, a single term can convey a complex movement or concept. For example, the term “plié” instantly communicates a specific bending of the knees.
Enhances Precision and Technique: Precise terminology helps dancers understand and execute movements with greater accuracy. For instance, knowing the difference between “chassé” and “glissade” allows dancers to perform each step with the correct footwork and body placement, which is crucial for any dance style.
Promotes Efficient Learning: A solid understanding of dance terminology accelerates the learning process. Dancers can quickly grasp new steps and combinations because they already understand the underlying principles and vocabulary. This is especially useful when learning multiple dance styles, as many terms are universal.
Supports Choreography and Artistic Expression: Choreographers rely on dance terminology to communicate their vision to dancers. This shared language allows them to build complex sequences and convey artistic intent effectively. Dancers, in turn, can use their knowledge of terminology to interpret and embody the choreographer’s instructions.
Enables Cross-Style Understanding: While some terms are specific to certain styles, many fundamental concepts and movements share common terminology across different dance genres. This shared language bridges gaps between styles, allowing dancers to appreciate and understand diverse forms of dance, such as ballet, modern, jazz, and hip-hop.

Brief History of How Dance Terminology Evolved

Dance terminology has evolved over centuries, reflecting the development of dance itself. The language we use today is a rich tapestry woven from various influences, including courtly traditions, ballet’s origins, and the contributions of influential dance masters. The history demonstrates the evolution of dance as a formalized art.

Origins in Courtly Dance: Many dance terms originated in the courts of Europe during the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Court dances, which were highly structured and codified, required a precise vocabulary to describe the steps and formations.
The Rise of Ballet: The development of ballet in the 17th and 18th centuries played a crucial role in standardizing dance terminology. French became the dominant language of ballet, and many terms still in use today are derived from French, such as “plié,” “tendu,” and “pirouette.” The Académie Royale de Danse, founded in 1661, helped to codify the language and techniques of ballet.
Modern Dance Influences: In the 20th century, modern dance innovators like Martha Graham and Isadora Duncan introduced new movement vocabularies and concepts. While these forms often challenged the traditional ballet vocabulary, they also contributed to the broader understanding of movement.
Cross-Cultural Exchange: As dance forms have evolved and spread globally, terminology has adapted to incorporate influences from various cultures. This has resulted in a rich and diverse vocabulary that reflects the global nature of dance.

Examples of How Dance Terminology Helps in Communication Between Dancers and Others

Dance terminology facilitates effective communication in various settings, including dance classes, rehearsals, and performances. It allows for the precise and efficient transfer of information, enabling dancers to understand instructions, correct their technique, and collaborate effectively.

In the Classroom: A dance teacher might say, “Perform a
-chassé* to the right, followed by a
-soutenu turn*.” Knowing these terms allows the students to execute the movements correctly without lengthy explanations.
During Rehearsals: A choreographer could instruct, “Let’s try the
-pas de bourrée* sequence again, but this time with more
-port de bras*.” The dancers understand precisely what to do and can refine their performance based on the feedback.
In Performance: A dancer might think, “*Spotting* is essential for this
-pirouette* sequence,” focusing on the technical aspect of the turn to ensure stability and control.
Between Dancers: Dancers can offer constructive criticism to each other using technical terms. For instance, “Your
-ronde de jambe* needs to be more controlled” or “Try to maintain a
-tendu* with your working foot.”
With Other Professionals: Dance terminology allows for clear communication with other professionals involved in dance, such as costume designers, lighting technicians, and musicians. For example, a dancer might say, “During the
-grand jeté*, the lighting should highlight my elevation.”

Basic Dance Positions

Understanding basic dance positions is crucial for building a strong foundation in any dance style. These positions provide a framework for movement, helping dancers maintain balance, coordination, and proper alignment. Mastering these fundamentals allows for a greater range of expression and more efficient execution of steps.

The Five Basic Positions of the Feet in Ballet

Ballet primarily uses five specific foot positions, each playing a critical role in the dancer’s posture, balance, and movement. These positions, numbered from one to five, are the cornerstone of ballet technique. They are the foundation upon which all other steps and movements are built.Here is a 4-column responsive HTML table illustrating each position:“`html

Position	Description	Visual Representation	Key Features
First Position	Heels together, toes turned out in a straight line, forming a single line.	Imagine two feet forming a straight line with the heels touching and the toes pointing outwards, creating a 180-degree angle.	The legs are straight, the weight is evenly distributed, and the dancer maintains an upright posture.
Second Position	Heels apart, approximately shoulder-width distance, toes turned out.	Visualize the feet forming a wide stance, similar to first position but with the heels separated. The toes still point outwards.	The weight is evenly distributed, and the legs are straight, with a feeling of grounded stability.
Third Position	One heel touching the arch of the opposite foot, toes turned out.	Picture one foot placed in front of the other, with the heel of the front foot touching the arch of the back foot.	This position encourages a graceful line and provides a transition point between other positions.
Fourth Position	One foot in front of the other, a foot’s length apart, toes turned out.	Envision the feet in a parallel position, one slightly in front of the other, maintaining a straight line with the toes turned out.	This position requires balance and control and is frequently used in jumps and turns.
Fifth Position	One foot in front of the other, heel touching the toe of the other foot, toes turned out.	Imagine one foot positioned directly in front of the other, with the heel of the front foot touching the big toe of the back foot.	This position requires precise placement and control, providing a strong base for many ballet movements.

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Common Arm Positions in Various Dance Styles

Arm positions play a vital role in dance, contributing to aesthetics, balance, and the overall expression of movement. Different dance styles employ a variety of arm positions, each with specific purposes and aesthetics.Here are some common arm positions:

High Fifth (Ballet): Arms are rounded overhead, with the hands slightly in front of the face. This position elongates the body and creates a sense of lightness.
Second Position (Ballet): Arms are extended to the sides, slightly curved, at shoulder height. This position provides a sense of breadth and openness.
First Position (Ballet): Arms are rounded in front of the body, slightly below the waist. This position is a foundational starting point.
Low Fifth (Ballet): Arms are rounded and positioned downwards, in front of the body, slightly below the waist. This position provides a sense of grounding.
Port de Bras (Various Styles): This term encompasses various arm movements and positions, often used to frame the body and enhance expression. It can include positions like a graceful extension to the side, reaching overhead, or holding the arms in a curved shape in front of the body.
Jazz Arms: Often, the arms are extended, bent at the elbows with the hands flexed or in fists.
Contemporary Arms: Arms can be in various shapes and forms, reflecting the flow and emotionality of the movement.

Significance of Body Alignment in Achieving Correct Dance Positions

Proper body alignment is paramount in dance, ensuring efficient movement, preventing injuries, and enhancing the aesthetic appeal of the performance. Correct alignment refers to the arrangement of the body segments in relation to each other, specifically the alignment of the head, shoulders, spine, hips, knees, and ankles.

Injury Prevention: Misalignment can put excessive stress on joints and muscles, increasing the risk of injuries. For example, incorrect spinal alignment can lead to back pain, while misaligned knees can cause damage to ligaments and cartilage.
Efficiency of Movement: Proper alignment allows for the efficient transfer of energy throughout the body. For instance, a dancer with correct posture can generate more power and control during jumps and turns.
Balance and Stability: Alignment is crucial for maintaining balance and stability. When the body is properly aligned, the center of gravity is balanced, making it easier to perform complex movements.
Aesthetic Appeal: Correct alignment contributes significantly to the overall aesthetic of a dance. Dancers with good posture and alignment appear graceful, poised, and visually appealing.
Examples of Alignment Issues:
- Swayback: An exaggerated curve in the lower back, which can lead to lower back pain and decreased stability.
- Rounded Shoulders: Shoulders that are slouched forward, which can restrict breathing and lead to neck and upper back pain.
- Knock Knees: Knees that turn inward, which can put stress on the inner knees and ankles.

Understanding Movement Directions

Knowing how to move your body in space is fundamental to dance. This section will explore the language used to describe the directions dancers move, allowing for clear communication and precise execution of choreography. Understanding these terms will help you translate written or spoken dance instructions into physical actions.

Basic Directions: Forward, Backward, and Sideways

Dance relies heavily on understanding spatial orientation. Movements are often described using simple directions.The basic directions in dance are:

Forward: Moving in the direction you are facing. This means traveling away from the starting point, generally towards the audience in a stage setting.
Backward: Moving away from the direction you are facing. This means traveling towards the starting point, or away from the audience in a stage setting.
Sideways: Moving to the left or right, maintaining the same facing direction. This is also referred to as lateral movement.

Diagonal Movement

Diagonal movement adds another layer of complexity and interest to dance. This is a crucial element in creating visually engaging choreography.Diagonal movement in dance involves moving in a direction that is neither directly forward, backward, nor sideways. It combines elements of these basic directions. Imagine a line drawn across a square; this is the essence of diagonal movement. For example, a dancer might move:

Forward and to the right.
Backward and to the left.

This type of movement creates dynamic patterns and can add a sense of depth and perspective to the dance.

Clockwise and Counterclockwise Movement

Understanding rotational movement is vital for many dance styles. These terms refer to the direction of circular or turning movements.

Clockwise: Moving in the same direction as the hands of a clock. This is a rightward rotation when viewed from above. Imagine a dancer performing a turn to their right; they are moving clockwise.
Counterclockwise: Moving in the opposite direction to the hands of a clock. This is a leftward rotation when viewed from above. Imagine a dancer performing a turn to their left; they are moving counterclockwise.

These terms are crucial when describing turns, circular pathways, or the formation of group patterns in dance.

Executing a Simple Movement Sequence

Let’s put these directional terms into practice with a simple sequence.Here’s a simple example:

Start facing forward.
Step forward with your right foot.
Step forward with your left foot.
Step sideways to the right with your right foot.
Step sideways to the left with your left foot.
Turn clockwise to face the starting position.

This sequence demonstrates how directional terms can be used to create a basic movement pattern.

Steps and Basic Movements

Understanding basic dance steps and movements is fundamental to learning any dance style. These movements form the building blocks of more complex choreography. Mastering them allows dancers to execute routines with precision, control, and artistry. This section will explore several key steps and movements, illustrating their application across different dance genres.

Common Dance Steps: Plié, Relevé, and Tendu

These three movements are foundational in many dance techniques, particularly ballet. They are often the first steps learned and are crucial for developing strength, flexibility, and coordination.

Plié: A plié is a bending of the knees. It can be performed in various positions, but the fundamental principle remains the same: the heels stay on the floor in a demi-plié (half bend), while in a grand plié (full bend), the heels may lift off the floor depending on the position and flexibility. Pliés are essential for warming up the muscles, developing ankle strength, and providing a smooth transition between movements.

“Demi-plié means half bend of the knees, while grand plié is a full bend of the knees.”
Relevé: A relevé is a rise onto the balls of the feet. It is a movement where the dancer rises from a flat foot position, pushing through the balls of the feet and extending the legs. Relevés strengthen the ankles and calves and are used in various dance sequences to add elevation and grace.
Tendu: A tendu is a stretched movement of the leg. The dancer extends the working leg to the front, side, or back, brushing the foot along the floor until the toes are pointed. The weight remains on the supporting leg. Tendus develop leg strength, ankle flexibility, and precision in footwork.

Application of Basic Steps in Different Dance Genres

These basic steps, though originating primarily in ballet, are adapted and incorporated into various dance styles.

Ballet:
- Plié: Essential for all ballet movements, pliés are used at the beginning of a ballet class for warm-up exercises and are integral to jumps, turns, and other steps. Pliés in first, second, fourth, and fifth positions are commonly practiced.
- Relevé: Used frequently in adagio (slow movements) and allegro (fast movements) to add elevation and elegance. Relevés are a fundamental component of many steps, including balances and jumps.
- Tendu: Forms the basis for many ballet steps, including preparations for turns, extensions, and traveling steps. Tendus are used to articulate the foot and create lines.
Jazz:
- Plié: Modified pliés are used to add a grounded quality and power to jazz movements. They provide the necessary spring for jumps and turns. Jazz pliés may involve a wider stance or more bent knees than in ballet.
- Relevé: Used for stylized walks, quick changes of direction, and turns. Relevés can add a dynamic element to jazz choreography.
- Tendu: Adapted for developing sharp, precise footwork, commonly used in jazz walks and combinations that involve foot articulation.
Contemporary:
- Plié: Used for fluid transitions between floor work and standing positions, pliés allow dancers to move with a sense of groundedness and control.
- Relevé: Used for creating variations in height and adding a sense of lightness and ease in movements. Relevés are employed in sequences that require elevation or suspension.
- Tendu: Utilized for emphasizing the lines of the legs and feet and for transitions between different levels. Tendus help in creating expressive and flowing movements.

Common Jumps and Leaps

Jumps and leaps are a key component of many dance styles, adding a dynamic and energetic element to choreography. These movements require strength, coordination, and control.

Sauté: A jump from two feet to two feet. The dancer springs from a plié, jumps into the air, and lands back in a plié. This jump is used as a warm-up and can be modified in various ways to create more complex movements.
Jeté: A jump from one foot to the other. The dancer brushes one leg forward, then jumps off the supporting leg, extending the body in the air and landing on the other foot.
Assemblé: A jump that takes off from one leg and lands on both legs. The dancer brushes one leg out, jumps, and brings both legs together in the air, landing in a plié.
Pas de basque: A traveling step that involves a balance of weight, used to create a smooth transition. The dancer steps to the side, then the front, and closes the first foot to the supporting leg.
Fouette: A turning jump in ballet, where the dancer whips the working leg around, maintaining balance and control. The working leg performs a quick, circular movement, while the dancer remains en pointe (on the balls of the feet) or demi-pointe (half on the balls of the feet).
Grand Jeté: A large leap from one leg to the other, often performed with a split in the air. The dancer takes a running start, jumps off one leg, extends the legs in a split position in the air, and lands on the other leg. This leap requires a high degree of flexibility, strength, and coordination.

Tempo, Rhythm, and Musicality

Understanding tempo, rhythm, and musicality is crucial for dancers, enabling them to interpret and express music through movement. These elements provide the structure and nuance necessary to bring choreography to life. Dancers must develop a keen awareness of these aspects to create compelling and expressive performances.

Defining Tempo, Rhythm, and Meter

Tempo, rhythm, and meter are interconnected but distinct elements of music that dancers utilize. Understanding these concepts allows for accurate and artistic interpretation of musical pieces.

Tempo: Tempo refers to the speed of the music, or the rate at which the beat progresses. It is often measured in beats per minute (BPM). For instance, a fast tempo might be 140 BPM, while a slow tempo could be 60 BPM.
Rhythm: Rhythm is the pattern of sounds and silences in music. It encompasses the duration of notes and rests, creating a sense of movement and organization within the music. Rhythmic patterns can be simple or complex, varying from steady, predictable beats to syncopated or irregular arrangements.
Meter: Meter refers to the organization of beats into regular groups, typically called measures or bars. Common meters include 4/4 (four beats per measure), 3/4 (three beats per measure, often used in waltzes), and 2/4 (two beats per measure). The meter provides a framework for the rhythmic structure of a piece of music.

Interpreting Musical Phrasing and Dynamics

Dancers translate musical phrasing and dynamics into movement, enhancing the emotional impact and visual interest of their performances. This involves paying close attention to the musical structure and changes in volume and intensity.

Musical Phrasing: Musical phrasing involves understanding how musical ideas are grouped and shaped within a composition. Dancers can reflect this in their movements by mirroring the rise and fall of musical phrases. For example, a dancer might gradually build the intensity of a movement phrase during a musical crescendo, then soften and release the movement during a decrescendo.
Dynamics: Dynamics refer to the variations in volume or intensity within a piece of music. Dancers can interpret dynamics by adjusting the size, force, and energy of their movements. A loud, powerful passage might be expressed with large, dynamic movements, while a quiet, gentle section might be portrayed with small, delicate gestures.
Examples of Dynamics in Dance: A dancer performing a grand jeté (a large leap) might execute it with a powerful, explosive push-off during a forte (loud) section of the music. Conversely, during a piano (soft) section, the dancer might perform a series of small, graceful steps, like a series of pas de bourrées.

Creating a Dance Phrase with Tempo and Rhythm Changes

A short dance phrase can demonstrate how changes in tempo and rhythm impact movement. The following example incorporates variations in both speed and rhythmic patterns.

Dance Phrase:

Introduction (Slow Tempo, 4/4 time): Begin with a slow, sustained movement, such as a plié in second position, holding for four counts. This establishes a sense of calm.
Acceleration (Gradual Tempo Increase, 4/4 time): Gradually increase the tempo while performing a series of chassés (a gliding step), becoming progressively faster over four counts.
Rhythmic Variation (Tempo Remains Constant, Rhythmic Changes): Perform a sequence of quick, syncopated steps (e.g., a series of short, sharp steps on the upbeat) for four counts, playing with the rhythmic structure.
Deceleration (Gradual Tempo Decrease, 4/4 time): Slowly decrease the tempo while performing a series of arabesques (a ballet pose with one leg extended behind), holding each pose for increasingly longer durations over four counts.
Final Pose (Slow Tempo, 4/4 time): End with a final, sustained pose, like a grand battement (a large kick), holding for four counts.

This phrase demonstrates how dancers can manipulate tempo and rhythm to create contrast and interest. The initial slow movements set a base, the acceleration builds energy, the rhythmic variation adds complexity, the deceleration brings the phrase back to a slower pace, and the final pose provides closure.

Types of Turns and Spins

Turns and spins are fundamental elements in dance, adding dynamism, flair, and visual interest to movement. Mastering these techniques requires understanding different types of turns, proper execution, and their application across various dance styles. This section will explore several key turn variations and their characteristics.

Different Types of Turns

Dance features a diverse range of turns, each with its unique characteristics and applications. Understanding these variations is crucial for developing a well-rounded dance vocabulary.Here’s a table summarizing some common turn types:

Turn Type	Description	Execution	Dance Styles Commonly Used
Pirouette	A complete turn performed on one leg, typically en dehors (outward) or en dedans (inward).	The dancer rises onto relevé or pointe, spotting a fixed point in front, and rotates the body while maintaining balance and alignment. The working leg is typically drawn up to the supporting leg in a passé position. Arms are often used for balance and momentum.	Ballet, Jazz, Contemporary
Fouetté	A whipping movement of the working leg, often used in turns. There are several variations, including the fouetté en tournant (turning fouetté).	The dancer performs a series of turns, often with the working leg whipping out to the side and back in, creating a circular motion. The arms can be used for balance and momentum. The supporting leg maintains relevé.	Ballet, Contemporary
Chassé Turn	A turn that begins with a chassé step, a gliding movement where one leg chases the other.	The dancer performs a chassé, shifting weight from one leg to the other, and then turns, often in a direction away from the chassé. The arms are used for balance and momentum.	Jazz, Modern, Ballroom
Piqué Turn	A turn executed by stepping directly onto a straight leg, usually in a relevé.	The dancer steps directly onto a straight leg in a relevé and turns. The arms and the head are essential for balance and spotting. The working leg can be in various positions.	Ballet, Jazz

Techniques for Executing Turns with Proper Spotting

Spotting is a crucial technique for executing turns effectively and minimizing dizziness. It involves focusing on a fixed point while the body rotates.The following are the steps involved in spotting:

Choose a Spot: Select a specific point in front of you at eye level. This could be a mark on the wall or a fixed object.
Initiate the Turn: Begin the turn, keeping your eyes focused on the spot.
Snap the Head: As your body rotates, snap your head quickly to the spot, holding your gaze on it for as long as possible.
Release and Re-focus: When your body has rotated past the spot, quickly snap your head back to it, maintaining the focus.

This process allows the dancer to maintain orientation and control during the turn.

Examples of How Turns Are Used in Different Dance Styles

Turns are integrated differently across various dance styles, reflecting the aesthetic and technical demands of each genre.

Ballet: Pirouettes are a staple in ballet, demonstrating precision, balance, and control. Fouetté turns are a hallmark of classical ballet, often used to showcase stamina and grace.
Jazz: Chassé turns and piqué turns are commonly used in jazz, often incorporating dynamic movements and syncopated rhythms.
Contemporary: Contemporary dance utilizes a wide range of turns, often emphasizing fluidity, expressiveness, and innovative approaches to movement.
Ballroom: Ballroom dances, such as the waltz or tango, incorporate turns that contribute to the elegance and flow of the choreography.

Choreographic Elements

Understanding choreographic elements is key to appreciating and creating dance. These elements are the building blocks that choreographers use to craft compelling and meaningful dances. They shape how the dance feels, looks, and communicates with the audience. Exploring these elements helps dancers and viewers alike gain a deeper understanding of the artistry and intention behind each movement.

Phrasing, Dynamics, and Spatial Awareness

Choreographers utilize phrasing, dynamics, and spatial awareness to add depth and nuance to their work. These elements work together to create a complete and engaging dance experience.* Phrasing refers to how movement is structured within a dance, similar to how a musician phrases a musical piece. It involves the shaping of a movement phrase, considering the beginning, middle, and end.

It’s about how the dancer moves through time and space, including the flow, breath, and energy of the movement. For example, a phrase might begin slowly, build in intensity, and then gradually fade away.* Dynamics involves the use of energy and force to influence the way a movement is performed. This includes variations in speed, power, and flow.

A dancer can perform a movement with sharp, abrupt energy (staccato) or with a flowing, sustained energy (legato). Dynamics significantly impact the emotional tone and visual impact of the dance. Think about the difference between a powerful jump and a gentle glide across the floor.* Spatial Awareness refers to the dancer’s understanding and use of the space around them.

This encompasses the use of different levels (high, medium, low), directions (forward, backward, sideways), and pathways (straight, curved, diagonal). Spatial awareness is critical for creating visually interesting patterns and for the dancers to interact with each other and the environment.

Choreographic Devices: Canon, Mirroring, and Unison

Choreographic devices are specific techniques choreographers use to create patterns and structures within a dance. They add visual interest, emphasize relationships between dancers, and shape the overall impact of the piece.* Canon: In a canon, movements are performed by different dancers at different times, creating a layered effect. One dancer begins a movement phrase, and then other dancers perform the same phrase, but starting at staggered intervals.

This creates a sense of echoing or following. A classic example is a simple round, like “Row, Row, Row Your Boat.”* Mirroring: Mirroring involves dancers performing the same movements while facing each other, as if looking in a mirror. One dancer’s right side becomes the other dancer’s left side. This device emphasizes the relationship between the dancers and creates a visual connection.

Mirroring can be used for soloists or groups, offering a visual connection between the performers.* Unison: Unison is when all dancers perform the same movements simultaneously. This device emphasizes unity and can create a powerful visual impact, especially in moments of high energy or emotional intensity. This is a very common device used in various dance styles, from ballet to hip-hop.

Simple Dance Sequence Incorporating Canon

Let’s design a simple dance sequence using the canon device. We will use a sequence of four counts and have three dancers (Dancer 1, Dancer 2, and Dancer 3). The movement phrase is: Step right, step left, touch right, touch left.The sequence would unfold as follows:* Count 1: Dancer 1 steps right.

Count 2

Dancer 1 steps left.

Count 3

Dancer 1 touches right. Dancer 2 steps right.

Count 4

Dancer 1 touches left. Dancer 2 steps left. Dancer 3 steps right.

Count 5

Dancer 2 touches right. Dancer 3 steps left.

Count 6

Dancer 2 touches left.

Count 7

Dancer 3 touches right.

Count 8

Dancer 3 touches left.This simple example demonstrates how the canon can create a layered and interesting visual effect. The dancers “follow” each other in time, creating a sense of continuity and complexity with a minimal number of steps.

Dance Genres and Their Terminology

Understanding dance terminology isn’t just about knowing the steps; it’s about appreciating the rich history and diverse styles that make up the world of dance. Each genre, from the graceful lines of ballet to the energetic rhythms of jazz, has its own unique vocabulary, reflecting its specific techniques and aesthetic principles. This section will explore the core terminology associated with several popular dance genres, giving you a foundation for further exploration.

Ballet Terminology

Ballet, often considered the foundation of many dance forms, is characterized by its precise movements, elegant lines, and emphasis on technique. Its terminology, derived largely from French, is essential for understanding and executing the steps correctly. Mastering these terms allows dancers to communicate effectively and build a strong technical base.Some key ballet terms include:

Plié: A bending of the knees. There are two main types: plié (small bend) and grand plié (large bend), both executed in various positions.
Tendu: “Stretched.” A movement where the working leg is extended along the floor to a pointed foot.
Dégagé: “Disengaged.” Similar to a tendu, but the foot brushes off the floor a few inches.
Rond de Jambe: “Round of the leg.” The working leg moves in a circular motion, either on the floor ( à terre) or in the air ( en l’air).
Adagio: Slow, sustained movements, often emphasizing balance and grace.
Allegro: Lively, fast-paced movements, including jumps and turns.
Port de bras: “Carriage of the arms.” The graceful movements and positions of the arms.
Arabesque: A basic pose in ballet where the dancer stands on one leg with the other leg extended behind them. The arms are typically held in a graceful position.
Pirouette: A turn on one leg, often executed with the other leg in passé.
Relevé: “Raised.” Rising onto the balls of the feet.

Modern Dance Terminology

Modern dance emerged as a rebellion against the rigid structures of ballet, embracing a more expressive and free-flowing style. Modern dance terminology reflects this emphasis on individuality, natural movement, and emotional expression. Dancers utilize their entire bodies and often explore themes of self-discovery and social commentary.Key terms in modern dance include:

Release: A technique that emphasizes the relaxation and release of tension in the body, allowing for fluid movement.
Contraction: A movement that involves drawing in the abdominal muscles and curving the spine.
Fall and Recovery: A technique involving controlled falling and regaining balance, exploring the body’s relationship with gravity.
Floor work: Movements performed on the floor, often emphasizing the use of the back and core.
Suspension: A quality of movement that creates a sense of weightlessness and stillness.
Improvisation: Spontaneous movement created without prior planning, used to explore movement possibilities.
Locomotor Movements: Movements that travel through space, such as walking, running, leaping, and sliding.
Non-Locomotor Movements: Movements performed in place, such as bending, stretching, and twisting.
Shape: The overall form or design of the body in space.
Breath: The use of breath to initiate and support movement.

Jazz Dance Terminology

Jazz dance is a vibrant and energetic genre rooted in African American traditions, characterized by its syncopated rhythms, isolations, and improvisational elements. The terminology reflects the style’s blend of technical precision and individual expression. Jazz dance is a constantly evolving art form, influenced by various musical styles and cultural trends.Essential terms in jazz dance include:

Jazz Walk: A stylized walk, often performed with a low center of gravity and a focus on specific arm and hand positions.
Jazz Square: A sequence of four steps, often performed in a square pattern.
Isolations: Moving one part of the body independently of the others, such as isolating the head, shoulders, or rib cage.
Chassé: A gliding step, often used as a transitional movement.
Pivot Turn: A turn on the ball of the foot, rotating the body 180 degrees.
Ball Change: A two-step movement, typically involving a step onto the ball of the foot and a change of weight.
Kick Ball Change: A sequence of a kick, a step onto the ball of the foot, and a change of weight.
Pas de bourrée: A three-step movement, often used to transition between other steps.
Spotting: A technique used during turns to maintain balance and prevent dizziness by focusing on a fixed point.
Hip Action: The expressive movement of the hips, often emphasized in jazz dance.

Common Dance Terms Explained

Understanding common dance terminology is essential for anyone learning or involved in dance. This section clarifies some frequently used terms, providing clear definitions and practical applications to enhance your dance knowledge.

Port de Bras

Port de bras refers to the carriage of the arms. It’s a fundamental aspect of dance, influencing both aesthetics and balance.

The term literally translates from French to “carriage of the arms.”
Port de bras encompasses a variety of arm movements and positions, each conveying a different mood or aesthetic.
Proper port de bras contributes to a dancer’s overall grace, fluidity, and expressiveness.

The execution of port de bras involves the coordinated movement of the arms, shoulders, and sometimes the head. It’s about creating lines and shapes that complement the body’s movements. A common example is the “first position port de bras,” where the arms are rounded forward, or the “second position port de bras,” where the arms are extended to the sides.

These positions are not merely static poses but are actively maintained with muscle engagement and a sense of elongation.

Sauté

Sauté is a French term that translates to “jumped” or “jumping.” It describes various jumping movements performed in dance.

Sauté is a fundamental movement found across many dance styles, including ballet, jazz, and contemporary.
The term is often used to indicate a jump in a specific position, such as
-sauté arabesque* or
-sauté in second*.
The quality of the jump depends on the dance style and the specific movement being executed.

Sauté movements involve the dancer taking off from the floor, suspending in the air, and landing. The technique requires strong legs, core engagement, and precise coordination. In ballet, a

sauté* may involve a small jump from fifth position, maintaining the alignment and turnout. In jazz, a
sauté* might be more dynamic, with a focus on energy and stylistic expression. Consider a jazz dance class, where the instructor might call out a
sauté* followed by a specific arm or leg movement. This illustrates how the basic jump is combined with other elements to create a complete phrase.

Spotting

Spotting is a technique used during turns to maintain balance and prevent dizziness. It involves fixing the eyes on a specific spot in the space and whipping the head around quickly during the turn.

Spotting is critical for dancers to execute turns with control and precision.
The goal is to keep the head and eyes focused on a single point for as long as possible, minimizing disorientation.
The head then snaps around quickly to re-focus on the original spot as the body continues to turn.

The process of spotting is a combination of visual focus and head control. It is often described as the dancer’s head leading the body. When turning, the dancer fixes their gaze on a specific point, such as a mark on the wall or a specific person. The dancer’s body rotates, but the head and eyes stay focused on the spot.

At the last possible moment, the head quickly snaps around to re-establish the focus on the same spot, allowing the dancer to maintain balance. The effectiveness of spotting can be seen in the elegant pirouettes of a ballet dancer, where the head is a key component in maintaining stability. Without proper spotting, turns would be dizzying and unbalanced.

Resources for Further Learning

Understanding dance terminology is a journey, and there’s always more to discover. Fortunately, a wealth of resources is available to help you deepen your knowledge and refine your understanding. These resources range from online platforms to physical books, each offering unique perspectives and learning opportunities.

Recommended Websites for Learning Dance Terminology

The internet provides a vast and accessible collection of information for dancers of all levels. Many websites are dedicated to dance education, offering glossaries, video tutorials, and interactive exercises to reinforce your learning.

Dance Informa: Dance Informa is a comprehensive resource for dance professionals and enthusiasts. It provides articles, interviews, and educational content, including terminology definitions and articles about dance history and technique.
YouTube Dance Channels: Numerous YouTube channels offer tutorials, explanations, and demonstrations of dance terminology. Some popular channels include those of dance schools, choreographers, and individual instructors. These channels often provide visual examples, which are very helpful.
Dizzy Feet Foundation: The Dizzy Feet Foundation is a non-profit organization that supports dance education. Their website may offer resources, including terminology guides or links to other educational materials.
Dance Dictionary Online: Various online dictionaries specialize in dance terminology. They typically provide definitions, pronunciations, and sometimes examples of how terms are used. Search engines will often direct you to these resources.
Dance.net: Dance.net is a platform that may contain articles, forums, and terminology guides related to various dance styles. Check this and similar sites to see what’s available.

Helpful Books and Dictionaries on Dance Terms

While online resources are convenient, books and dictionaries offer in-depth explorations and a structured approach to learning dance terminology. Having a physical book allows you to focus and easily revisit concepts.

“The Dance Handbook” by Allen Robertson and Donald Hutera: This book provides a broad overview of dance history, terminology, and techniques. It can serve as a solid foundation for understanding dance concepts.
“The Dance Technique of Doris Humphrey” by Doris Humphrey: Although focused on a specific technique, this book includes detailed explanations of movement principles and terminology, which can be applied to other dance forms.
Dance Dictionaries: Several dance dictionaries specifically define dance terms. These dictionaries are organized alphabetically and can provide quick and accurate definitions. Search for dictionaries specializing in your preferred dance styles (e.g., ballet, modern, jazz).
Style-Specific Guides: For those interested in particular dance genres, look for books that focus on the terminology of that style. For example, if you are interested in ballet, look for ballet-specific dictionaries or guides.

Tips for Practicing and Memorizing Dance Terminology

Memorizing dance terminology requires consistent effort and the use of effective learning strategies. Incorporating these techniques into your study routine will significantly improve your retention and understanding.

Create Flashcards: Flashcards are a classic and effective method for memorization. Write the dance term on one side and the definition or a brief explanation on the other. Review the flashcards regularly.
Use Visual Aids: Visual aids, such as diagrams and videos, can enhance your understanding. Watch videos of dancers performing the movements and use illustrations to visualize the concepts.
Practice in Context: Don’t just memorize definitions; apply them. When taking a dance class, pay attention to the terminology used by the instructor and try to use the terms yourself when describing movements.
Teach Others: Explaining dance terms to others is an excellent way to reinforce your own knowledge. This process helps you organize the information in your mind and identify areas where you need further clarification.
Take Notes: Take notes during dance classes or when studying terminology. Writing down definitions and examples in your own words helps solidify the information.
Use Mnemonics: Mnemonics are memory aids that can help you remember complex information. Create acronyms, rhymes, or associations to connect the terms with their meanings. For instance, to remember the order of the five basic ballet positions, you could create a mnemonic using the first letter of each position.
Regular Review: Consistent review is essential for long-term retention. Schedule regular study sessions to revisit the terminology and practice using the terms.
Participate in Discussions: Engage in discussions with other dancers or teachers. This will expose you to different perspectives and deepen your understanding.

Last Word

From pirouettes to pliés, understanding dance terminology opens doors to a deeper appreciation and understanding of the art of movement. This journey through ‘How to Understand Basic Dance Terminology’ has equipped you with the essential tools to navigate the dance world. Remember that practice and immersion are key. Keep exploring, keep moving, and most importantly, keep enjoying the magic of dance!